Comprehensive Investigation of the Nonlinear Deformation and Tensile Failure of Cotton Yarn: Experimental and Numerical Modeling
Received: 2026-07-24
Published: 2026-06-30
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the tensile behavior of cotton yarn up to failure under conditions of nonlinear deformation. The object of the study is cotton yarn with a linear density of 20 tex. The experimental investigation was carried out using a Tenso Master tensile testing machine operating under a constant rate of extension (CRE), with the crosshead speed varied from 100 to 5000 mm/min and the initial gauge length (L₀) ranging from 100 to 800 mm. The experimental results include an analysis of breaking force, elongation at break, time to failure, and the work of rupture, together with an examination of the characteristics of the force–strain (F–ε) curves.
The numerical analysis is based on a nonlinear viscoelastoplastic formulation describing the propagation of longitudinal tensile loading along the yarn and is implemented using the method of characteristics combined with an implicit finite-difference scheme following the D.R. Hartree approach. The results demonstrate that wave propagation and multiple reflections of stress disturbances from the fixed ends generate oscillatory components of velocity and stress, which significantly influence the stability and failure mechanism of the yarn. The findings provide an integrated experimental–theoretical framework for the parametric identification of constitutive models and for predicting the tensile failure of cotton yarn under different loading conditions.
Keywords
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