* {
    scrollbar-width: thin;
    scrollbar-color: #003399b8 #f0f0f0;
}
body {
    background-color: #f5f5fa;
    min-height: 100vh;
}

a {
    color: var(--main-text-color);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.bg-custom {
    background: var(--main-bg-color) !important;
}

.navbar-custom {
    /*z-index: 10;*/
    /*margin-top: -55px;*/
    /*position: relative;*/
    /*opacity: 0.8;*/
}

.user-nav-top .nav-link-home {
    color: #FFFFFF;
}

/* ==========================================================
   ASOSIY MENYU (#navigationPrimary)

   Bandlar orasidagi oq ajratgichlar o'rniga bo'shliq, tagida esa
   holatni ko'rsatuvchi chiziq. Joriy sahifa `.is-current` bilan
   belgilanadi (navigationMenu.tpl), bolasi ochiq bo'lsa ota-band ham.
   ========================================================== */

#navigationPrimary {
    --nav-ink: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
    --nav-ink-strong: #ffffff;
    --nav-marker: var(--nav-hover-color, #ffffff);
    gap: 0.15rem;
}

#navigationPrimary .nav-item {
    display: flex;
}

#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    padding: 0.95rem 0.9rem;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    line-height: 1.2;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--nav-ink);
    transition: color 0.15s ease;
}

/* Holat chizig'i — hoverda o'sadi, joriy sahifada doim ko'rinadi */
#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0.9rem;
    right: 0.9rem;
    bottom: 0.45rem;
    height: 2px;
    border-radius: 2px;
    background: var(--nav-marker);
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transition: transform 0.18s ease;
}

#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link:hover,
#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link:focus-visible,
#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link.is-current,
#navigationPrimary .nav-item.show > .nav-link {
    color: var(--nav-ink-strong);
    text-decoration: none;
}

#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link:hover::before,
#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link:focus-visible::before,
#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link.is-current::before,
#navigationPrimary .nav-item.show > .nav-link::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

/* Bootstrap `.nav-link:focus-visible` ko'k halqa (box-shadow) qo'yadi —
   hoverda menyu ochilganda ham chiqib qolardi. O'chiramiz; holat baribir
   tag chizig'i orqali ko'rinadi. */
#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link:focus,
#navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link:focus-visible {
    outline: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
}

/* Bootstrap kareti — matnga yopishmasin va ochilganda burilsin */
#navigationPrimary .nav-link.dropdown-toggle::after {
    margin-left: 0;
    border-top-width: 0.32em;
    border-right-width: 0.32em;
    border-left-width: 0.32em;
    opacity: 0.7;
    transition: transform 0.18s ease;
}

#navigationPrimary .nav-item.show > .nav-link.dropdown-toggle::after {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
    opacity: 1;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    #navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link,
    #navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link::before,
    #navigationPrimary .nav-link.dropdown-toggle::after {
        transition: none;
    }
}

.hero {
    padding: 60px 0 70px;
    height: 325px;
    position: relative;
}

.hero .displaylogo img{
    max-width: 100px;
    margin-right: 25px;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .hero {
        padding: 10px 0 10px;
        height: 100%;
        position: relative;
    }
    .hero .displaylogo img{
        max-width: 100px;
    }
}

/* Rang "Bosh sahifa sarlavha rangi" sozlamasidan keladi.
   `a` uchun ham alohida beriladi — aks holda havola o'z rangini oladi
   va h2 dagi qiymat unga yetib bormaydi. */
.header-title-block h2,
.header-title-block h2 a {
    color: var(--header-title-color, #1E6292);
}

.header-title-block h2 a,
.header-title-block h2 a:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.header-title-block h2 {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 45px;
}

.header-title-block {
    margin: 10px 20px;
}

.header-search-block {
    margin: 20px 20px 0px;
    opacity: 0.7;
}

#topbar {
    background: var(--main-bg-color);
    font-size: 14px;
    transition: all 0.5s;
    color: #fff;
}

#topbar .item-menu {
    padding: 10px;
}

#topbar .item-menu a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #FFFFFF;
}

#topbar .item-menu a:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #64c2ea;
}

#topbar #dropdownLangMenuButton:focus {
    outline: 0;
}

#topbar #dropdownLangMenuButton {
    color: #FFFFFF;
}

#topbar #dropdownSpiacelMenuButton {
    color: #FFFFFF;
}

#topbar .social-links {}

#topbar .social-links .social-item {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    padding: 10px;
    display: inline-block;
    transition: 0.3s;
}

.page-header h2 {
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Breadcrumb — barcha breadcrumbs*.tpl shablonlari `cmp_breadcrumbs`
   klassidan foydalanadi, shuning uchun oraliqlar shu yerda boshqariladi */
.cmp_breadcrumbs {
    padding: 0.85rem 0 0.75rem;
}

.breadcrumb {
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
}

/* O'lcham `li` da beriladi — aks holda havolasiz "active" band
   body o'lchamida qolib, havolalardan kattaroq ko'rinadi */
.breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item a {
    color: #29abe2;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item.active {
    color: #6a7383;
}

.authors-article-details .author-item:last-of-type::after {
    content: "";
}

.authors-article-details .author-item::after {
    font-size: 13px;
    content: ", ";
}

.page-header {
    padding: 0px;
    margin: 10px 0 0 0;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 28px;
    color: #1a1a1a;
}

.footer {
    color: #4d4d4d;
    background: #cccccc;
    padding: 25px 20px;
}

/*specialView**********************************/

.blackAndWhite {
    -webkit-filter: grayscale(100%);
    -moz-filter: grayscale(100%);
    -ms-filter: grayscale(100%);
    -o-filter: grayscale(100%);
    filter: grayscale(100%);
}

.blackAndWhiteInvert,
.blackAndWhiteInvert img,
.blackAndWhiteInvert embed,
.blackAndWhiteInvert video {
    -webkit-filter: grayscale(100%) invert(100%);
    -moz-filter: grayscale(100%) invert(100%);
    -ms-filter: grayscale(100%) invert(100%);
    -o-filter: grayscale(100%) invert(100%);
    filter: grayscale(100%) invert(100%);
}


/* Maxsus imkoniyatlar paneli — dropdown emas, offcanvas */
.specialViewOffcanvas {
    width: 380px;
    max-width: 100vw;
}

.specialViewOffcanvas .offcanvas-header {
    gap: 0.75rem;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e8ee;
}

.specialViewOffcanvas .offcanvas-title {
    flex: 1;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-align: center;
    color: #1a1f36;
}

/* Yopish tugmasi chapda — namunadagidek */
.specialViewOffcanvas .btn-close {
    order: -1;
    margin: 0;
}

.specialViewArea {
    padding: 1.25rem;
    color: #000;
}

/* ---- Native step slider (jQuery UI o'rniga) ---- */

.a11y-field {
    padding: 1.1rem 0;
    border-top: 1px solid #e3e8ee;
}

.a11y-field:first-of-type {
    border-top: 0;
    padding-top: 0.5rem;
}

.a11y-field--reset {
    padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.a11y-label {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #1a1f36;
}

.a11y-slider {
    --pos: 0%;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 2.2rem;
}

.a11y-range {
    --fill: 0%;
    -webkit-appearance: none;
    appearance: none;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 10px;
    margin: 0;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(to right,
        var(--main-bg-color, #13256A) 0 var(--fill),
        #e3e8ee var(--fill) 100%);
    cursor: pointer;
}

.a11y-range::-webkit-slider-thumb {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
    appearance: none;
    width: 22px;
    height: 22px;
    margin-top: -6px;
    border: 3px solid var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #ffffff;
    cursor: grab;
}

.a11y-range::-moz-range-thumb {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    border: 3px solid var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #ffffff;
    cursor: grab;
}

.a11y-range:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
    outline-offset: 4px;
}

/* Qiymat pufakchasi — tugma ostida siljiydi */
.a11y-slider__bubble {
    position: absolute;
    top: 1.5rem;
    left: var(--pos);
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: #ffffff;
    background: #6a7383;
    border-radius: 6px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.a11y-slider__bubble::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: -4px;
    width: 8px;
    height: 8px;
    transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(45deg);
    background: inherit;
}

.very_blue .print {
    text-align: right;
    margin: -25px 10px 0 0;
}

.appearance {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    clear: both;
    display: table;
    width: 100%;
}

.squareBox {
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    text-align: center;
    vertical-align: middle;
    display: table-cell;
    font-size: 27px;
    font-weight: bolder;
    cursor: pointer;
    background: #828282;
    border: 2px solid #353535;
    color: #fff;
}

.specialTitle {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
    font-size: 18px;
}

.squareAppearances {
    float: left;
    margin-right: 5px;
}

.squareBox.spcNormal {
    background: #243978;
    border-color: #222955;
}

.squareBox.spcWhiteAndBlack {
    background: #828282;
    border-color: #353535;
}

.squareBox.spcDark {
    background: #3e3e3e;
    border-color: #777777;
}

.fontSmaller {
    font-size: 24px;
}

.fontBigger {
    font-size: 26px;
}

.defaultSlider {
    height: 6px !important;
    background: #b7b7b7;
    margin-top: 20px;
    border: none;
}

.defaultSlider span {
    border-radius: 50%;
    outline: none;
    background: #fff !important;
    cursor: pointer !important;
    top: -7px !important;
}

.defaultSlider span:focus,
.defaultSlider span:hover {
    border-color: #d3d3d3;
}

.defaultSlider .ui-slider-range {
    background: #243978;
}

.blackAndWhiteInvert {
    /*background-color: #000 !important;*/
}

/*specialView**********************************/
/*.cardCurrentJournal::before{*/
/*    content: '';*/
/*    position: absolute;*/
/*    background: #fff;*/
/*    border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px;*/
/*    box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%);*/
/*}*/
.cardCurrentJournal {
    box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%);
}

.media-heading-title {
    font-size: 18px;
}

.meta .authors {
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.bd-gutter {
    --bs-gutter-x: 0rem;
}

.bd-gutter-content {
    --bs-gutter-x: 0rem;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) and (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .header-title-block h2 {
        font-size: 25px !important;
    }

    .bd-gutter-content {
        --bs-gutter-x: 1.5rem;
        --bs-gutter-y: 0;
    }

}

.pkp_structure_content {
    min-height: 100vh;
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
}

#main-content {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Announcements Section - Card Styling
   ========================================================================== */

.cmp_announcements {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #eaecf0;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.05), 0 1px 2px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.1);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.cmp_announcements .page-header {
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #f1f3f4;
}

.cmp_announcements .media-list {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.btn-primary {
    --bs-btn-color: var(--bs-white);
    --bs-btn-bg: var(--main-bg-color) !important;
    --bs-btn-border-color: var(--main-bg-color) !important;
    --bs-btn-border-radius: .3rem;

}

.rightmenu i {
    color: #ffffff;
}


/*menu bloki*/
.block_menu_side .menu_list {
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    width: 100%;
    list-style-type: none;
}

.block_menu_side .menu_list li {
    color: #555;
}

.block_menu_side .menu_list li a i {
    margin-right: 10px;
}

.block_menu_side .menu_list li .activeButton {
    background: var(--left-menu-bg);
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.block_menu_side .menu_list li a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
    background: var(--left-menu-bg);
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.block_menu_side .menu_list li a {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    background: #e6e6e6;
    color: var(--left-menu-bg);
    font-size: 18px;
    padding: 15px 20px;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
    text-decoration: none;
    position: relative;
}

/**/
.authors-article-details {
    margin: 10px 0px;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-wrap: wrap !important;
    gap: 10px;
    width: 100%;
}

.authors-article-details .author-item {
    display: inline-block;
    white-space: normal;
}

.authors-article-details .author-item:first-child {
    margin-left: 0px;
}

.authors-article-details .author-item img {
    width: 18px;
}

.authors-article-details .author-item .nameUser:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.authors-article-details .author-item .nameUser {
    font-size: 13px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    font-style: italic;
}

.authors-article-details .author-item .orcid {
    display: block;
}

.authors-article-details .author-item .orcid img {
    width: 24px;
}

.share-article {}

.share-article a {
    padding: 5px;
}

.article-tools strong {
    color: #fff;
}

.article-tools .btn {
    color: #fff;
}

.article-tools {
    background: var(--main-text-color);
    padding: 10px;
    color: #fff;
}

.article-tabs {
    background: #ddd;
    border-radius: 0.375rem;
}

.article-tabs .nav-item {
    flex: 1;
}

.article-tabs .nav-link.active {
    --bs-nav-pills-link-active-bg: var(--main-text-color);
}

.article-tabs .nav-link:focus,
.article-tabs .nav-link:hover {
    --bs-nav-link-hover-color: #000;
}

.article-tabs .nav-link {
    --bs-nav-link-color: var(--main-text-color);
}

.article-tabs #pills-profile {}

.authors .author .article-block-info {
    padding-left: 10px;
    border-left: 5px solid #aaa;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.authors .author .article-author-name strong {
    font-size: 18px;
    text-decoration: underline;
    font-style: italic;
}

.keywordItem {
    font-size: 17px;
}

/*About*/
.content-about {
    width: 100%;
}

.content-about>div {
    flex: 1;
    flex-basis: 50%;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .content-about>div {
        flex: 1;
        flex-basis: 100%;

    }
}

.content-about>div>ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 5px;
}

.content-about>div>ul>li>a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.content-about>div>ul>li>a {
    font-size: 17px;
}

.content-about>div>h3 {
    color: #666666;
}

/*end About*/

/* ==========================================================================
   Sidebar Blocks - Anti-Design Flat UI
   ========================================================================== */

.pkp_block {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #eaecf0;
    border-radius: 1rem;

    /*box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.05);*/
    /*border-radius: 8px;*/
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.pkp_block:hover {
    /*box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.06);*/
    /*transform: translateY(-2px);*/
}

.block_information>.content>ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.block_information>.content>ul>li>a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    color: var(--main-text-color, #334155);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    transition: all 0.15s ease;
}

.block_information>.content>ul>li>a:hover {
    background: #f8fafc;
    color: var(--accent-color, #2563eb);
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
}

.block_information>.content>ul>li:last-child>a {
    border-bottom: none;
}



.block_custom .content {
    padding: 1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--main-text-color, #334155);
}


/* ==========================================================
   Issue archive — moslashuvchan (responsive) karta grid
   ========================================================== */

.page_issue_archive .issues {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(180px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
    align-items: start;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.issues .title-header {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    color: #00a1e1;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #00a1e1;
}

.issues .title-header:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.issue-summary {
    display: flex;
    height: 100%;
}

.issue-summary__link {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    width: 100%;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.issue-summary__link:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.issue-summary__link:hover .issue-summary__series {
    color: var(--main-text-color, #00a1e1);
}

.issue-summary__link:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--main-text-color, #00a1e1);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.issue-summary__cover {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f7;
}

.issue-summary__cover img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.issue-summary__cover--empty {
    background: linear-gradient(160deg, #f8fafc 0%, #eef2f7 100%);
}

.issue-summary__placeholder {
    width: 42%;
    max-width: 72px;
    height: auto;
    color: #b7c3d2;
}

.issue-summary__body {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.2rem;
    padding: 0.75rem 0.85rem 0.9rem;
}

.issue-summary__series {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: #1e293b;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

.issue-summary__title {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: #64748b;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .page_issue_archive .issues {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(140px, 1fr));
        gap: 1rem 0.75rem;
    }

    .issues .title-header {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
        margin-top: 1rem;
    }

    .issue-summary__body {
        padding: 0.6rem 0.65rem 0.75rem;
    }

    .issue-summary__series {
        font-size: 0.82rem;
    }
}

.block_custom .title,
.block_custom .title.pkp_screen_reader {
    display: block;
    padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    color: var(--heading-color, #1e293b);
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    text-align: left;
}

.viewCount {
    margin-left: 15px;
}

.block_custom .content {
    padding: 10px;
}

#navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu {
    z-index: 10001;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
    padding: 0.35rem;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(60, 66, 87, 0.10),
                0 8px 24px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.14);
}

/* Desktop: dropdown kengligi matnga moslashadi, balandligi esa ekran bilan
   cheklanadi — uzun ro'yxatlar pastga tushib ko'rinmay qolmaydi.
   Mobilda menyu `collapse` ichida static bo'lgani uchun bu qoidalar qo'llanmaydi. */
@media (min-width: 992px) {
    #navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu {
        width: max-content;
        min-width: 320px;
        max-width: min(460px, calc(100vw - 2rem));
        overflow-y: auto;
        overscroll-behavior: contain;
        /* Sahifa yuqorisida navbar hero ostida (~365px) turadi */
        max-height: calc(100vh - 420px);
    }

    /* Scroll qilingach navbar yuqoriga yopishadi — bo'sh joy ko'payadi */
    .fixed-top #navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu {
        max-height: calc(100vh - 120px);
    }

}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------
   Mobil: menyu `collapse` ichida vertikal ro'yxatga aylanadi
   ---------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    #navigationPrimary {
        gap: 0;
        padding: 0.25rem 0 0.5rem;
    }

    #navigationPrimary .nav-item {
        display: block;
        border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
    }

    #navigationPrimary .nav-item:first-child {
        border-top: 0;
    }

    #navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link {
        justify-content: space-between;
        padding: 0.85rem 0.25rem;
        font-size: 0.875rem;
    }

    /* Vertikal ro'yxatda pastki chiziq o'rniga chapdagi belgi */
    #navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link::before {
        left: -0.6rem;
        right: auto;
        top: 0.7rem;
        bottom: 0.7rem;
        width: 3px;
        height: auto;
        transform: scaleY(0);
    }

    #navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link:hover::before,
    #navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link:focus-visible::before,
    #navigationPrimary .nav-item .nav-link.is-current::before,
    #navigationPrimary .nav-item.show > .nav-link::before {
        transform: scaleY(1);
    }

    /* Ochilgan ro'yxat suzmaydi — oqim ichida, chapdan ichkariga suriladi */
    #navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu {
        margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0.75rem;
        padding: 0.15rem 0 0.15rem 0.65rem;
        background: transparent;
        border-left: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
        border-radius: 0;
        box-shadow: none;
    }

    #navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item {
        padding: 0.6rem 0.5rem;
        color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
        border-radius: 6px;
    }

    #navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:hover,
    #navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:focus,
    #navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.active {
        color: #ffffff;
        background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.10);
    }
}

.article-summary h2 {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e6e6e6;
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #4d4d4d;
}

.article-references h2 {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e6e6e6;
    font-size: 20px;
    color: #4d4d4d;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.keywords h2 {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e6e6e6;
    font-size: 20px;
    color: #4d4d4d;
    font-weight: 600;
}

#articlesBySameAuthorList ul {
    list-style-type: none;
    padding: 0;
}

#articlesBySameAuthorList ul li {
    padding-left: 10px;
    border-left: 5px solid #aaa;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

#articlesBySameAuthorList h3 {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e6e6e6;
    font-size: 20px;
    color: #4d4d4d;
    font-weight: 600;
}

#pills-profile h2 {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e6e6e6;
    font-size: 20px;
    color: #4d4d4d;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.article-abstract p {
    font-size: 17px;
    color: #000;
}

.breadcrumb-article {
    padding: 1rem 1.5rem 0rem;
}

.article-references-content p {
    font-size: 17px;
    color: #000;
    margin-bottom: 0;

    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    word-break: break-word;
}

.csl-entry {
    font-size: 17px;
    color: #666666;
}

.citation_display {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.citation_display h3 {
    font-size: 17px;
    color: #666666;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e6e6e6;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.pkp_block .title {
    display: block;
    padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    color: var(--heading-color, #1e293b);
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    text-align: left;
}

.most_read .most_read_article {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-size: 14px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
}

.most_read {
    list-style-type: none;
    padding: 0px;
}

#customblock-connected-systems .col-6 img {
    min-width: 100%;
}

#customblock-connected-systems .col-6 a {
    display: block;
}

.galleys {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* `.dropdown-item` endi <a> elementida — Bootstrap 5 shartnomasiga muvofiq,
   shuning uchun hover/focus/active holatlari o'z-o'zidan ishlaydi */
#navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.7rem;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: #3c4257;
    border-radius: 6px;
    white-space: normal;
    transition: background-color 0.12s ease, color 0.12s ease;
}

#navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:hover,
#navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:focus {
    color: #1a1f36;
    background-color: #f1f5f9;
}

#navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.active,
#navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:active {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1a1f36;
    background-color: #eef2f7;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    #navigationPrimary .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item {
        transition: none;
    }
}


.blur-top {
    position: relative;
    /* height: 80px; */
    /* min-width: 250px; */
    /* max-width: 320px; */
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, .15);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
    backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    -webkit-transition: all .3s ease;
    transition: all .3s ease;
}

.top-block {
    position: absolute;
    width: 95%;
    bottom: 12px;
    left: 20px;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .top-block {
        position: absolute;
        width: 100%;
        bottom: 0px;
        left: 0px;
    }

    .displaylogo {
        order: -1;
    }

    .header-title-block {
        margin: 10px 20px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .lang-top {
        display: none;
    }
}

.toglleDescription {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    right: 5px;
}

.pkp_structure_main .additional_content {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.pkp_structure_main .additional_content #readmore_toggle {
    transition: opacity 0.5s ease-out, max-height 0.5s ease-out;
    position: relative;
    background: #f2f2f2;
    padding: 10px 10px;
}

#readmore_toggle p{
    padding: 0px;
    margin: 0px;
}
#readmore_toggle img{
    margin-right: 12px;
}

.pkp_structure_main .additional_content #readmore_toggle .fadebox {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 20px;
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(242, 242, 242, 0) 0%, rgba(242, 242, 242, 0.8) 40%, rgba(242, 242, 242, 0.88) 64%, rgba(242, 242, 242, 1) 100%);
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(242, 242, 242, 0) 0%, rgba(242, 242, 242, 0.8) 40%, rgba(242, 242, 242, 0.88) 64%, rgba(242, 242, 242, 1) 100%);
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(242, 242, 242, 0) 0%, rgba(242, 242, 242, 0.8) 40%, rgba(242, 242, 242, 0.88) 64%, rgba(242, 242, 242, 1) 100%);
    filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#00f2f2f2', endColorstr='#f2f2f2', GradientType=0);
}

.pkp_structure_main .additional_content .hide-content {
    height: 260px;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
}

.pkp_structure_main .additional_content .show-content {
    height: auto;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    transition: ease left .3s;

    /*-webkit-transition-duration: 0.8s;*/

}

.keywords-list .keywordItem {
    color: #29abe2;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 16px;
}


.keywords-list .keywordItem:last-child::after {
    content: "";
}

.additional_content img {
    margin: 15px 10px 0px 15px;
}

.item.citation h2 {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e6e6e6;
    font-size: 20px;
    color: #4d4d4d;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Article Card Component - Anti-Design Flat UI
   Inspired by PLOS, eLife, Nature journal article listings
   ========================================================================== */

.article-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid #eaecf0;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.article-card:hover {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-color: #d0d5dd;
}

.article-card__inner {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    padding: 1.5rem;
}

.article-card__cover {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 80px;
}

.article-card__cover img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.article-card__content {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

/* Article Type Badge */
.article-card__type {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--accent-color, #2563eb);
    background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08);
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Title */
.article-card__title {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
    color: var(--heading-color, #1e293b);
}

.article-card__title a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.article-card__title a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-color, #2563eb);
}

/* Subtitle */
.article-card__subtitle {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-muted, #64748b);
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Authors */
.article-card__authors {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: var(--text-muted, #64748b);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Meta Information */
.article-card__meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-light, #94a3b8);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-card__meta-item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
}

.article-card__meta-item svg {
    opacity: 0.6;
}

/* Galley Buttons */
.article-card__actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.article-card__galley-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    padding: 0.4rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    color: var(--primary-color, #0f172a);
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.15s ease;
}

.article-card__galley-btn:hover {
    background: var(--primary-color, #0f172a);
    color: var(--white, #ffffff);
    border-color: var(--primary-color, #0f172a);
}

.article-card__galley-btn--pdf {
    background: #dc2626;
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: #dc2626;
}

.article-card__galley-btn--pdf:hover {
    background: #b91c1c;
    border-color: #b91c1c;
    color: #ffffff;
}

.article-card__galley-btn svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .article-card__inner {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
        padding: 1rem;
    }

    .article-card__cover {
        width: 60px;
    }

    .article-card__title {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .article-card__meta {
        gap: 0.75rem;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Current Issue Section - Anti-Design Flat UI
   ========================================================================== */

.current-issue {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    box-shadow: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.current-issue__header {
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.current-issue__heading {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    color: var(--heading-color, #1e293b);
    margin: 0;
}

.current-issue__identifier {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-muted, #64748b);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
}

.current-issue__actions {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.current-issue__archive-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--primary-color, #0f172a);
    background: transparent;
    border: 2px solid var(--primary-color, #0f172a);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    border-radius: 1rem;
}

.current-issue__archive-btn:hover {
    background: var(--primary-color, #0f172a);
    color: var(--white, #ffffff);
}

.current-issue__archive-btn svg {
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.current-issue__archive-btn:hover svg {
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Issue TOC Component - Anti-Design Flat UI
   ========================================================================== */

.issue-toc {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Preview Notice */
.issue-toc__preview-notice {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    background: #fef3c7;
    border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b;
    color: #92400e;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

/* Issue Header - Standalone Card */
.issue-header {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #eaecf0;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding: 2rem;
}

.issue-header__inner {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    padding: 0;
}

.issue-header__cover {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 120px;
}

.issue-header__cover img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.issue-header__details {
    flex: 1;
}

.issue-header__title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--heading-color, #1e293b);
    margin: 0 0 0.75rem 0;
}

.issue-header__description {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-muted, #64748b);
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.issue-header__meta-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-light, #94a3b8);
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.issue-header__meta-label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-muted, #64748b);
}

.issue-header__meta-link {
    color: var(--accent-color, #2563eb);
    word-break: break-all;
}

/* Issue Galleys */
.issue-galleys {
    padding: 1rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.issue-galleys__title {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--text-muted, #64748b);
    margin: 0 0 0.75rem 0;
}

.issue-galleys__list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

/* Issue Sections */
.issue-sections {
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.issue-section {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.issue-section__header {
    padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.issue-section__title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    color: var(--heading-color, #1e293b);
    margin: 0;
}

.issue-section__articles {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .issue-header__inner {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .issue-header__cover {
        width: 80px;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   About Journal Section - Anti-Design Flat UI
   ========================================================================== */

.about-journal {
    margin: 0rem 0 2rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    border: 1px solid #eaecf0;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.about-journal__inner {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.about-journal__cover {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 140px;
}

.about-journal__cover img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.about-journal__content {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
    text-align: left;
    position: relative;
}

.about-journal__text {
    position: relative;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--main-text-color, #334155);
}

.about-journal__text.hide-content {
    max-height: 260px;

    overflow: hidden;
}

.about-journal__text.show-content {
    max-height: none;
}

.about-journal__fade {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 60px;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent, var(--white, #ffffff));
    pointer-events: none;
}

.about-journal__text.show-content .about-journal__fade {
    display: none;
}

.about-journal__toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent-color, #2563eb);
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    text-align: left;
}

.about-journal__toggle:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color, #0f172a);
}

.about-journal__toggle svg {
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.about-journal__text.show-content+.about-journal__toggle svg {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .about-journal__inner {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    .about-journal__cover {
        width: 100px;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Site Footer - Anti-Design Flat UI
   ========================================================================== */

.site-footer {
    background: var(--primary-color, #0f172a);
    color: #94a3b8;
    padding: 3rem 0 0;
    margin-top: 4rem;
}

.site-footer__inner {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .site-footer__inner {
        grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
    }
}

.site-footer__section {
    min-width: 0;
}

.site-footer__title {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--white, #ffffff);
    margin: 0 0 0.75rem 0;
}

.site-footer__issn {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #64748b;
}

.site-footer__issn span {
    font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, "SF Mono", Menlo, monospace;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.site-footer__content {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.site-footer__content a {
    color: #94a3b8;
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.site-footer__content a:hover {
    color: var(--white, #ffffff);
}

.site-footer__link a {
    color: var(--accent-color, #2563eb);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.site-footer__link a:hover {
    color: #60a5fa;
}

/* Bottom Bar */
.site-footer__bottom {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
}

.site-footer__copyright {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #64748b;
    margin: 0;
}

.site-footer__powered {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #475569;
    margin: 0;
}

.site-footer__powered a {
    color: #64748b;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.site-footer__powered a:hover {
    color: var(--white, #ffffff);
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .site-footer {
        padding: 2rem 0 0;
    }

    .site-footer__bottom {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }
}

.issue-header__identifier {
    color: #64748b;
}

.article-details {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #eaecf0;
    overflow: visible;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    border-radius: 1rem;
}

.article-details header{
    padding: 0rem 1.5rem;
}

.article-details section{
    padding: 0rem 1.5rem;
}

.parsed-citations li{
    padding-left: 1em;
}
.parsed-citations li::marker {
    color: var(--main-bg-color);
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.parsed-citations li a {
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    word-break: break-all;
    display: inline-block;
    max-width: 100%;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .parsed-citations{
        list-style: decimal inside;
        padding-left: 0px;
    }
    .article-references-content p{
        display: inline;
    }
    .parsed-citations li {
        padding-left: 0em;
    }
    .parsed-citations li::marker {
        color: var(--main-bg-color);
        font-weight: 600;
        font-size: 16px;
    }
}

.keyword-item {
    background: #f0f7fc;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: .875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}


.keyword-item a {
    color: #025e8d;
    text-decoration: underline;
    -webkit-text-decoration-skip: ink;
    text-decoration-skip-ink: auto;
    text-decoration-thickness: .0625rem;
    text-underline-offset: .25rem;
    padding: initial;
}

.keyword-item a:hover {
    text-decoration-thickness: .25rem;
    text-underline-offset: .25rem;
}


.author-link:hover {
    text-decoration-thickness: .25rem;
    text-underline-offset: .25rem;
}

.author-link {
    text-decoration: underline;
    -webkit-text-decoration-skip: ink;
    text-decoration-skip-ink: auto;
    text-decoration-thickness: .0625rem;
    text-underline-offset: .25rem;
    padding: initial;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.author:not(:first-child) {
    border-block-start: 1px dashed #a1a1a1;
    padding-top: 10px;
}

.section-heading {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #cedbe0;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
}

/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE HERO — Light, Flat Design
   ============================================================ */
.article-hero {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-left: 4px solid var(--main-text-color);
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.article-hero__meta {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.article-hero__title {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1a1a1a;
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin: 0.75rem 0 0.5rem;
    padding: 0;
}

.article-hero__subtitle {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-style: italic;
    color: #64748b;
    margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.article-hero__doi {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: #374151;
}

.article-hero__doi a {
    color: var(--main-text-color);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration-thickness: 0.0625rem;
    text-underline-offset: 0.25rem;
}

.article-hero__doi a:hover {
    text-decoration-thickness: 0.25rem;
}

/* Sidebar (right column) */
.article-hero__sidebar {
    border-left: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    height: 100%;
}

.article-hero__sidebar-label {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #6b7280;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.article-hero__crossmark {
    padding-top: 0.5rem;
}

/* ============================================================
   STICKY TOOLBAR — White, Flat
   ============================================================ */
.article-toolbar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    z-index: 1030;
    background: #fff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    transform: translateY(-100%);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    padding: 0;
}

.article-toolbar.is-sticky {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.article-toolbar__inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0.6rem 0;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.article-toolbar__title {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1a1a1a;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    min-width: 0;
    flex: 1;
}

.article-toolbar__actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.article-toolbar__btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #374151;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #d1d5db;
    border-radius: 4px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.15s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.article-toolbar__btn:hover {
    background: #f3f4f6;
    border-color: #9ca3af;
    color: #111827;
}

.article-toolbar__btn .fa {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #6b7280;
}

/* ============================================================
   RESPONSIVE — Mobile & Tablet
   ============================================================ */
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .article-hero {
        padding: 1.25rem 1rem;
        border-left-width: 3px;
    }

    .article-hero__title {
        font-size: 1.35rem;
    }

    .article-hero__sidebar {
        border-left: none;
        border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-top: 1rem;
        margin-top: 0.5rem;
    }

    .article-toolbar__title {
        display: none;
    }

    .article-toolbar__inner {
        justify-content: flex-end;
    }

    .article-toolbar__btn span {
        display: none;
    }

    .article-toolbar__btn {
        padding: 0.35rem 0.5rem;
    }
}

.authors-list .author-item img{
    width: 18px;
}

#articlesBySameAuthorList{
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #eaecf0;
    overflow: visible;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

#articlesBySimilarityList{
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #eaecf0;
    overflow: visible;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.most_read{
    padding: 1.5rem;

}
.article_detail_orcid svg{
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    margin-right: 5px;
}

/* ==========================================================
   UMUMIY SIRT (SURFACE) TIZIMI

   Vizual til Stripe Dashboard'dan olingan: oq sirtlar, hairline
   "ring" soya, sovuq slate-neytral matn shkalasi va tabular
   raqamlar. Urg'u rangi jurnalning brend rangida qoladi.

   Bu tokenlar bir joyda e'lon qilinadi va kartaga oladigan
   barcha sahifalar shulardan foydalanadi.
   ========================================================== */

:root {
    --cs-surface: #ffffff;
    --cs-text: #1a1f36;
    --cs-text-soft: #3c4257;
    --cs-muted: #6a7383;
    --cs-line: #e3e8ee;
    --cs-hover: #f7fafc;
    --cs-accent: var(--main-text-color, #635bff);
    --cs-radius: 8px;
    --cs-ring: 0 0 0 1px rgba(60, 66, 87, 0.10), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    --cs-font: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto,
               "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------
   Kontent kartasi — statik sahifalar uchun umumiy o'ram
   ---------------------------------------------------------- */

.content-card {
    padding: 1.75rem 2rem 2rem;
    background: var(--cs-surface);
    border-radius: var(--cs-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--cs-ring);
}

.content-card__title {
    margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
    font-family: var(--cs-font);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: var(--cs-text);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--cs-line);
}

/* Muharrir kiritgan erkin HTML uchun o'qishga qulay tipografika */
.content-card__body {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--cs-text-soft);
}

.content-card__body > *:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.content-card__body > *:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.content-card__body h2,
.content-card__body h3,
.content-card__body h4 {
    margin: 1.75rem 0 0.6rem;
    font-family: var(--cs-font);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: -0.005em;
    color: var(--cs-text);
}

.content-card__body h2 { font-size: 1.25rem; }
.content-card__body h3 { font-size: 1.0625rem; }
.content-card__body h4 { font-size: 1rem; }

.content-card__body p,
.content-card__body ul,
.content-card__body ol {
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
}

.content-card__body li {
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.content-card__body li > p {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.content-card__body a {
    color: var(--cs-accent);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.content-card__body img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 6px;
}

.content-card__body table {
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}

.content-card__body th,
.content-card__body td {
    padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--cs-line);
    text-align: left;
    vertical-align: top;
}

.content-card__body th {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--cs-text);
    background: #fbfcfd;
}

/* Keng jadvallar sahifani gorizontal cho'zmasin */
.content-card__body .table-responsive,
.content-card__body table {
    max-width: 100%;
    overflow-x: auto;
    display: block;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .content-card {
        padding: 1.25rem 1.1rem 1.5rem;
    }

    .content-card__title {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
        padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================
   Davlatlar bo'yicha statistika sahifasi (/countrystats)
   ========================================================== */

.page_country_stats {
    color: var(--cs-text);
    font-family: var(--cs-font);
    padding-bottom: 3rem;
}

.cstats-title {
    margin: 1.25rem 0 1.5rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: var(--cs-text);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------
   Umumiy raqamlar — bitta panel, ustunlar hairline bilan bo'lingan
   ---------------------------------------------------------- */

.cstats-overview {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    background: var(--cs-surface);
    border-radius: var(--cs-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--cs-ring);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cstats-stat {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    padding: 1.15rem 1.35rem 1.3rem;
    border-left: 1px solid var(--cs-line);
}

.cstats-stat:first-child {
    border-left: 0;
}

.cstats-stat__label {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--cs-muted);
}

.cstats-stat__value {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.15;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
    color: var(--cs-text);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------
   Panellar
   ---------------------------------------------------------- */

.cstats-panel {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    background: var(--cs-surface);
    border-radius: var(--cs-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--cs-ring);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cstats-panel--empty {
    padding: 1.5rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--cs-muted);
}

.cstats-panel__header {
    padding: 1.15rem 1.35rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--cs-line);
}

.cstats-panel__title {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: -0.005em;
    color: var(--cs-text);
}

.cstats-panel__note {
    margin: 0.3rem 0 0;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--cs-muted);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------
   Jadval
   ---------------------------------------------------------- */

.cstats-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    table-layout: fixed;
}

.cstats-table th {
    padding: 0.6rem 1.35rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    text-align: left;
    color: var(--cs-muted);
    background: #fbfcfd;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--cs-line);
}

.cstats-table td {
    padding: 0.7rem 1.35rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: var(--cs-text-soft);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--cs-line);
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.cstats-table tbody tr:last-child td {
    border-bottom: 0;
}

.cstats-table tbody tr {
    transition: background-color 0.12s ease;
}

.cstats-table tbody tr:hover {
    background: var(--cs-hover);
}

.cstats-table__num {
    text-align: right;
    width: 5.5rem;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.cstats-table td.cstats-table__num {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--cs-text);
}

.cstats-table__share {
    width: 4.5rem;
}

.cstats-table td.cstats-table__share {
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--cs-muted);
}

.cstats-table__country {
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.cstats-name {
    color: var(--cs-text);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.cstats-code {
    display: inline-block;
    min-width: 2.1rem;
    margin-right: 0.6rem;
    padding: 2px 6px;
    font-size: 0.6875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.35;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--cs-text-soft);
    background: #f0f3f7;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Ulushni ko'rsatuvchi ingichka chiziq */
.cstats-table__bar {
    width: 34%;
    padding-right: 0.5rem !important;
}

.cstats-track {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 6px;
    background: #eef1f6;
    border-radius: 3px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cstats-bar {
    display: block;
    min-width: 3px;
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: 3px;
    background: var(--cs-accent);
}

.cstats-bar--soft {
    opacity: 0.45;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------
   Moslashuvchanlik
   ---------------------------------------------------------- */

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .cstats-overview {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cstats-stat {
        border-left: 0;
        border-top: 1px solid var(--cs-line);
        padding: 0.95rem 1.1rem;
    }

    .cstats-stat:first-child {
        border-top: 0;
    }

    .cstats-table__bar {
        display: none;
    }

    .cstats-table th,
    .cstats-table td {
        padding-left: 1.1rem;
        padding-right: 1.1rem;
    }

    .cstats-panel__header {
        padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .cstats-table tbody tr {
        transition: none;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================
   Qidiruv sahifasi
   ========================================================== */

.page_search .content-card {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.search-panel__query {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.6rem;
}

.search-panel__query .form-control {
    height: 46px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    border-color: #e3e8ee;
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.search-panel__query .form-control:focus {
    border-color: var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(19, 37, 106, 0.12);
}

.search-panel__query .btn {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    height: 46px;
    padding-inline: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Kengaytirilgan filtrlar — <details> yordamida, JS talab qilmaydi */
.search-filters {
    margin-top: 1.1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e3e8ee;
}

.search-filters__summary {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    padding: 0.85rem 0;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
    cursor: pointer;
    list-style: none;
}

.search-filters__summary::-webkit-details-marker {
    display: none;
}

.search-filters__summary::before {
    content: "";
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-left: 5px solid currentColor;
    border-top: 4px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 4px solid transparent;
    transition: transform 0.15s ease;
}

.search-filters[open] .search-filters__summary::before {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.search-filters__body {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.search-filters__label {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #6a7383;
}

.search-filters__date {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.4rem;
}

.search-filters .form-control,
.search-filters .form-select {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    border-color: #e3e8ee;
    border-radius: 7px;
}

/* Yil / oy / kun — kenglik mazmuniga qarab taqsimlanadi */
.search-filters__date .form-select:nth-child(1) { flex: 1.1; }
.search-filters__date .form-select:nth-child(2) { flex: 1.5; }
.search-filters__date .form-select:nth-child(3) { flex: 0.9; }

/* Natijalar */
.search-results__count {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.1rem 0.55rem;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    vertical-align: middle;
    color: #3c4257;
    background: #f0f3f7;
    border-radius: 999px;
}

.search-results .cmp_pagination {
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e3e8ee;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: #6a7383;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .search-panel__query {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .search-panel__query .btn {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .search-filters__date {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .search-filters__summary::before {
        transition: none;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================
   Maxsus imkoniyatlar — ko'rinish rejimlari va shrift o'lchami
   ========================================================== */

.a11y-modes {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.a11y-mode {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 54px;
    height: 54px;
    padding: 0;
    background: #6a7383;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color 0.15s ease;
}

.a11y-mode:hover {
    background: #565d6d;
}

.a11y-mode.is-active {
    background: var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
}

.a11y-mode:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.a11y-mode .a11y-icon {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* ---- Shrift o'lchami ----
   Faqat kontent maydoni kattalashadi: sarlavha va menyu tegilmaydi,
   aks holda ular sig'may qolardi. Qoidalar `.a11y-font-scaled`
   bo'lmaganda umuman qo'llanmaydi. */

.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main {
    font-size: calc(1rem * var(--a11y-font-scale, 1));
}

.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main p,
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main li,
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main dd,
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main dt,
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main td,
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main th,
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main blockquote,
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main figcaption,
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main .article-abstract,
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main .content-card__body {
    font-size: inherit;
}

.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main h1 { font-size: calc(1.75rem * var(--a11y-font-scale, 1)); }
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main h2 { font-size: calc(1.35rem * var(--a11y-font-scale, 1)); }
.a11y-font-scaled .pkp_structure_main h3 { font-size: calc(1.15rem * var(--a11y-font-scale, 1)); }

/* ---- Yuqori kontrastli ko'rinish ---- */

html.highContrast,
html.highContrast body,
html.highContrast #main-content,
html.highContrast .content-card,
html.highContrast .cstats-overview,
html.highContrast .cstats-panel,
html.highContrast .article-card {
    background: #000000 !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;
}

html.highContrast h1,
html.highContrast h2,
html.highContrast h3,
html.highContrast h4,
html.highContrast p,
html.highContrast li,
html.highContrast span,
html.highContrast td,
html.highContrast th {
    color: #ffffff !important;
}

html.highContrast a {
    color: #ffff00 !important;
}

html.highContrast img,
html.highContrast video {
    filter: grayscale(100%) contrast(115%);
}

/* ---- Rangsiz ko'rinish (mavjud .blackAndWhite qoidasidan foydalanadi) ---- */

/* ---- Rasmsiz ko'rinish ---- */

html.noImages #main-content img,
html.noImages #main-content picture,
html.noImages #main-content video,
html.noImages #main-content iframe,
html.noImages .hero,
html.noImages .blur-top {
    display: none !important;
}

html.noImages [style*="background-image"] {
    background-image: none !important;
}

/* Panelning o'z belgilarilari yashirilmaydi */
html.noImages .a11y-icon {
    display: inline-block !important;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .a11y-mode {
        transition: none;
    }
}

/* ---- Maqola DOI qatori ---- */

.list-group-item.doi {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.doi-logo {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.doi-link {
    word-break: break-all;
}

.doi-copy {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
    padding: 0;
    color: #6a7383;
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid #e3e8ee;
    border-radius: 6px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, background-color 0.15s ease;
}

.doi-copy:hover {
    color: var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
    border-color: #cbd5e1;
    background: #f7fafc;
}

.doi-copy.is-copied {
    color: #0f8a5f;
    border-color: #0f8a5f;
}

/* Nusxalangach belgisi vaqtincha "bajarildi" ga aylanadi */
.doi-copy.is-copied svg {
    display: none;
}

.doi-copy.is-copied::after {
    content: "\2713";
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .doi-copy {
        transition: none;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================
   Nashr muddatlari (Publishing timeline) — jurnal bosh sahifasi
   ========================================================== */

.pub-timeline {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding: 1.1rem 1.35rem;
    background: var(--cs-surface, #fff);
    border-radius: var(--cs-radius, 8px);
    box-shadow: var(--cs-ring, 0 0 0 1px rgba(60, 66, 87, 0.10), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04));
}

.pub-timeline__heading {
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--cs-muted, #6a7383);
}

.pub-timeline__grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(150px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.pub-timeline__item {
    padding: 0.1rem 1rem;
    border-left: 2px solid var(--cs-line, #e3e8ee);
}

.pub-timeline__value {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.1;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
    color: var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
}

.pub-timeline__label {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: var(--cs-text-soft, #3c4257);
}

.pub-timeline__info {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    padding: 0;
    color: var(--cs-muted, #6a7383);
    background: transparent;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: help;
    transition: color 0.15s ease;
}

/* SVG bir rangli — filtr orqali bo'yaladi */
.pub-timeline__info-icon {
    display: block;
    width: 15px;
    height: 15px;
    filter: grayscale(1) brightness(0.55);
    transition: filter 0.15s ease;
}

.pub-timeline__info:hover {
    background: var(--cs-hover, #f7fafc);
}

.pub-timeline__info:hover .pub-timeline__info-icon,
.pub-timeline__info:focus-visible .pub-timeline__info-icon {
    filter: none;
}

.pub-timeline__info:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--main-bg-color, #13256A);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .pub-timeline {
        padding: 1.25rem 1.1rem;
    }

    .pub-timeline__item {
        padding-inline: 1rem;
    }

    .pub-timeline__value {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .pub-timeline__info {
        transition: none;
    }
}